Vivaldi was not only a renowned instrumental composer but also created numerous operas. At the age of 35, in 1713, he composed his first opera, having already achieved worldwide acclaim for his concertos. His musical career subsequently developed in two parallel directions: operas and instrumental works. The exact number of his operatic compositions remains unclear, but approximately fifty printed libretti and about twenty scores have survived. In addition to composing, Vivaldi worked as a theater director and impresario, engaging singers and staging both his own and others' compositions. His operatic activities took him to Rome, Florence, Vienna, and presumably also to Prague.
The opera overtures, which Vivaldi referred to as "symphonies," typically have a three-movement structure, although thematic connections between the overture and the opera itself are often lacking. The structural design of his overtures typically begins with a brilliant major-key movement, followed by a gentle minor-key Andante, and concludes with lively dance movements in triple meter that return to the major key. In some works, such as "Ottone in villa," he employed wind instruments, particularly pairs of oboes.
For the Teatro San Samuele in Venice, Vivaldi wrote "Griselda," the story of King Gualtiero of Thessalonica, who marries a simple peasant girl. This opera explores themes of loyalty, betrayal, and forgiveness. "Catone in Utica" tells the story of the Roman senator Cato, who rebels against Julius Caesar and ultimately takes his own life. However, an alternative version of the libretto with a more conciliatory ending also exists. The dramatic moments in Vivaldi's operas are effectively conveyed through powerful arias and complex musical structures.
Vivaldi's operas are rarely performed today, yet they offer insights into the breadth of his compositions and the dramatic intensity of his works. Such performances allow for a proper appreciation of his abilities as an opera composer and highlight the remarkable versatility and musical power of his compositions.