Album insights
François Couperin's artistic philosophy is succinctly summarized in a sentence found in his Apothéose de Lully program. In it, Apollo declares that "the fusion of French and Italian tastes must bring about perfection in music." Born into a unique organist environment, Couperin embraced both French and Italian music, likely influenced by his cousin Marc-Roger Normand, also known as the "Couperin of Turin." This exposure left a lasting impression on the young composer, who sought to incorporate the best of both national traditions while retaining his own musical language throughout his life.
Couperin's Apothéose de Lully, also known as Concert instrumental sous le titre d’Apothéose composé à la mémoire immortelle de l’incomparable Monsieur de Lully, represents the culmination of this aspiration. Published in 1725, this work pays homage to both Lully and Italian composer Corelli, reflecting the belief shared by Couperin and his contemporaries that Lully epitomized the French style, while Corelli embodied the Italian style.
In the opening movements of Apothéose de Lully, the melding of national styles is presented through a juxtaposition rather than a mere mixture. The exquisite intricacies and expressions of both French and Italian music are showcased in various sections, highlighting the finesse and elegance of each tradition. Subsequent movements illustrate a literal combination of styles, with the upper staff denoting French style and the lower staff featuring Italian style, demonstrating Apollo's vision of musical perfection achieved through the unity of diverse influences.
Following Lully's ethereal ascent to the Parnassus, a shift in musical character occurs. Corelli's unique features are integrated in the subsequent movement, showcasing a blend of French and Italian elements in a harmonious union. Couperin masterfully incorporates distinctive elements from both traditions, infusing the composition with lively runs, rich ornamentations, and poignant expressions. This seamless fusion reflects Couperin's unparalleled synthesis of national styles, forming a musical language of utmost sophistication and emotive power.
Couperin's innovative compositions extend to the Leçons de ténèbres, devotional pieces performed during the Matins service in the days leading up to Easter. Composed between 1713 and 1717, these works feature declamatory passages intertwining with intricate vocal embellishments, demanding virtuosity and emotional depth from the performers. Despite criticisms of their operatic flair, Couperin's Leçons de ténèbres stand as poignant and expressive masterpieces within his oeuvre, marked by a harmonious blend of musical influences and profound emotional resonance.