Album insights
The impact of the premiere of Sibelius’ Kullervo Symphony on April 28, 1892, was monumental for the composer at 26 years old and for the concept of Finnish national music. The performance in the University of Helsinki's auditorium, personally conducted by Sibelius, featured two prominent Finnish vocal soloists, the baritone Abraham Ojanperä and soprano Emmy Achté. The concert's significance was evident from the distinguished audience, including Finnish dignitaries, and the enthusiastic reception it received. This occurred in a fervent climate in the early 1890s when Finland was struggling against Russian control, elevating such musical performances to political symbols. Critic Oskar Merikanto proclaimed the music as their own, resonating deeply with the audience. Another influential critic, Karl Flodin, recognized Sibelius' unique voice emerging with Kullervo, marking a turning point in his artistic direction.
Early influences for Kullervo can be traced back to Sibelius' time in Vienna, where exposure to European musical developments had a profound impact. Witnessing performances like Wagner's Tristan and Isolde and Bruckner's 3rd Symphony in Vienna left lasting impressions on Sibelius. Additionally, studying the Finnish epic Kalevala in its original language deepened his connection to Finnish cultural roots. Upon his return to Finland in 1891, Sibelius delved into the Finnish folk music tradition, even transcribing performances of renowned rune singer Larin Paraske. Despite Sibelius downplaying direct influences of folk music in his compositions, Kullervo reveals a fusion of Finnish folk expressions with elements of Greek tragedy, Wagnerian mystique, and Bruckner's symphonic grandeur.
The symphony's significant use of a Finnish libretto underlined the tragic tale of Kullervo, adapting from the revised edition of Kalevala. The narrative unfolds with Kullervo's cycle of abandonment, misfortune, and eventual tragic acts rooted in Finnish folklore. Musically, Sibelius portrays these elements across five movements, incorporating a choir in the third and fifth parts, akin to Beethoven's influence. Each movement captures different facets of Kullervo's story with poignant melodies and orchestral depth. The symphony's finale resonates strongly, reflecting a blend of musical elements and emotive storytelling.
Sibelius' symphonic work not only served as a national breakthrough but also marked the beginning of a series of artistic crises that defined his future compositions. Through Kullervo, Sibelius journeyed into unexplored musical territories integral to understanding the breadth of his later symphonies, showcasing his early brilliance and originality in composition.
Credits: Based on a text by Daniel Grimley © 2019, translated by Viola Scheffel