English composers significantly influenced European music history in only two major periods. First, in the early 15th century, John Dunstable and his contemporaries shaped musical developments in Flanders and Burgundy. English musicians gained prominence again in the 17th century when several of them took up positions at Nordic royal courts. John Dowland, for example, worked at the court of the Danish king before being appointed court lutenist to King James I in England in 1612.
During his time in Denmark, Dowland composed his well-known work "Lachrimae," written in the folio format unusual for dance music, specifically for strings. In this collection, Dowland also included pieces he had originally composed for other instruments. Although "Lachrimae" originated in England, close ties to Copenhagen exist.
The works in this collection are designed for both quartet and quintet ensembles. Dowland experimented with various instrumentations to allow for diverse performances. Some of the pieces are based on already popular songs, which Dowland reworked for Consort.
"Lachrimae Antiquae" became Dowland's best-known work. The Latin titles of the pieces initially seem enigmatic, but they lend the music additional depth and complexity.
Although "Lachrimae" did not have a lasting impact in England, it sparked interest on the European mainland. Samuel Scheidt, for example, created several arrangements based on Dowland's compositions. Over time, however, English interest in serious pavans and galliards waned.